Kodi Ndi Chiwopsezo Chathanzi Chosayerekezeka Kwambiri Pakhomo M'chilimwe Chino?

Nkhungu ya m'nyumba ndi chiwopsezo chobisika cha thanzi la chilimwe chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi Sick Building Syndrome, mavuto aakulu opuma, komanso kuvutika maganizo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira zitatu zofunika zothetsera vutoli: kupumitsa mpweya kuti muchepetse chinyezi, kupeza nkhungu yobisika, komanso kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kutaya zinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa.

M'madera ambiri kum'mwera kwa Qinling-Huaihe Line ku China, malo okhala m'nyumba amakhala ndi nkhungu kwa nthawi yoposa theka la chaka. Kumpoto, Juni, Julayi, ndi Ogasiti ndi nyengo zomwe nkhungu zimamera kwambiri. Kupatula makoma, nkhungu imatha kukula pa madesiki, mipando, makabati, zovala, mapilo, masinki, zimbudzi zapansi, zoziziritsira mpweya, makina ochapira, nsapato, ndi zinthu zapakhomo za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Madontho a nkhungu si odetsedwa m'maso okha komanso amawononga kwambiri zomwe mukukumana nazo pamoyo wanu; amathanso kubweretsa zotsatira zosayembekezereka. Thupi lanu likhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zosasangalatsa: kukhosomola kosalekeza, mphuno yotsekeka, kupuma movutikira, ndi khungu loyabwa. Vutoli likhoza kukhala kubisala m'makona a madontho—nkhungu yosaoneka, yooneka ngati microscopic ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kusasangalala kwanu.

Tikudziwa kuti sitiyenera kudya chakudya chokhala ndi nkhungu chifukwa chingayambitse poizoni m'zakudya, ndipo poizoni wa aflatoxin amathanso kuyambitsa khansa. Komabe, anthu ambiri sadziwa za kuopsa kwa thanzi la nyumba yokhala ndi nkhungu.

Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, anthu adapeza kuti kukhala m'nyumba zina zotsekedwa, makamaka m'nyumba zonyowa, kumabweretsa zizindikiro monga mutu ndi kupuma movutikira, zomwe zinayamba bwino atatuluka m'nyumbamo. Izi zimadziwika kuti Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) [1].

Kwa zaka khumi zapitazi, kafukufuku wochulukirachulukira akusonyeza kuti nkhungu yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha chinyezi si yoopsa. Ikhoza kuvulaza thanzi la anthu kudzera m'njira zitatu: chitetezo chamthupi chosazolowereka (monga ziwengo), matenda opatsirana mwachindunji, komanso kukwiya ndi poizoni kuchokera ku zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa nkhungu.

Mu 2004, Institute of Medicine (IOM) inapeza kuti kukhudzana ndi nkhungu m'nyumba mwa anthu athanzi kumalumikizidwa ndi zizindikiro za m'mapapo, kutsokomola, ndi kupuma movutikira [2]. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti spores ndi ma enzyme opangidwa ndi nkhungu amatha kuwononga maselo a m'mapapo ndikuwononga ma cell, kuwononga njira yopumira [3, 4]. M'chilimwe chomwe mungu ndi wochepa, nkhungu ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo—zomwe zimayambitsa kuyetsemula kovutitsa, mphuno zotuluka madzi, kutsekeka kwa mphuno, kutsokomola, khungu loyabwa, ndi ziphuphu.

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pafupifupi 10% ya anthu ali ndi ma antibodies a IgE motsutsana ndi nkhungu yopumira yomwe imapumidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la chifuwa [5]. Kwa odwala mphumu, nkhungu ingayambitse matenda a mphumu; kupeza malo a nkhungu kunyumba si chizindikiro chabwino. Ku US, akuti mpaka 21% ya milandu ya mphumu ikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi nyumba zonyowa komanso zowuma [6].

Nkhungu zina, monga Aspergillus fumigatus, zingayambitsenso chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda m'mapapo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, monga okalamba. Ziwerengero zochokera ku Peking Union Medical College Hospital pa odwala oposa 16,000 omwe ali ndi matenda a nkhungu zikusonyeza kuti pafupifupi theka (49.3%) anali ndi zaka 61 kapena kuposerapo, ndipo matenda makamaka amapezeka m'mapapo (monga mapapo) (81.7%).

Kafukufuku wa mu Okutobala 2007 mu American Journal of Public Health adapeza kuti anthu okhala m'malo onyowa komanso okhala ndi nkhungu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuvutika maganizo ndi 34% mpaka 44% poyerekeza ndi omwe ali m'nyumba zouma komanso zopanda nkhungu. Matenda a ziwengo okha amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zokhumudwitsa—"mphuno yodzaza imatsogolera ku ubongo wozizira" ndi kumverera kwenikweni kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la ziwengo. Ofufuza amati rhinitis yobwerezabwereza, mphumu, ndi mutu womwe umabwera chifukwa cha nkhungu zitha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhawa ndi kuvutika maganizo [7].

01. Mpweya wopumira!

Malo amdima, onyowa, komanso otsekedwa bwino ndi abwino kwambiri kuti nkhungu ikule. Kulamulira chinyezi cha mpweya n'kofunika kwambiri; tikulimbikitsa kwambiri kutsegula mawindo pafupipafupi. Kuyenda kwa mpweya kumathandiza kulamulira chinyezi ndipo kumateteza m'nyumba kuti zisakhale zonyowa kwambiri. Pamene nkhungu ikukula, imatulutsa ma spores, zidutswa, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zosasunthika (VOCs) mumlengalenga. Mpweya wopuma umasinthasintha mpweya wamkati ndi wakunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zoopsazi zichepetse. Kwa madera omwe ali ndi chinyezi chambiri (monga madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja), mpweya wopuma umakhala wothandizabe—simuyenera kusiya mawindo otseguka tsiku lonse; zokwanira kusinthana mpweya.

Langizo: Ngati n'kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito chotsukira chinyezi kapena chotsukira chinyezi cha AC yanu kuti chithandize kuti nyumba yanu ikhale youma.

02. Pezani Chobisala cha Nkhungu M'nyumba Mwanu

Ndi bwino kuyang'ana zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nkhungu ndi makona obisika, monga:

1. Kumbuyo kwa mipando ndi kuzungulira ming'alu.

2. Mpweya wozizira komanso makina otulutsa utsi mkati.

3. Makoma, mapepala ophimba nkhope, ndi denga lopachikidwa.

4. Makabati amatabwa ndi mafelemu a bedi.

5. Zovala ndi mabuku omwe sanakhudzidwe kwa nthawi yayitali.

6. Malo omwe adatuluka kale kapena omwe adanyowa m'madzi.

(Ngati mukumva fungo loipa mukamawona nyumba yobwereka, pitani ku ina!)

03. Sinthani, yeretsani, ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa nkhungu

Kuzitaya ndiye chisankho choyamba—ngakhale zidutswa za nkhungu zakufa zingayambitse ziwengo.

Pa zinthu zomwe simungathe kutaya, yeretsani, yeretsani, ndipo zisungeni zouma. Pochotsa nkhungu, bleach yodziwika bwino yapakhomo (monga 84 disinfectant) ndi yothandiza. Sakanizani ndi madzi motsatira malangizo, pukutani malo omwe ali ndi nkhungu, valani magolovesi, ndipo tsegulani mawindo kuti mulowe mpweya. Mankhwala ambiri ochotsa nkhungu amaphatikiza bleach ndi zinthu zophera poizoni (monga hydrogen peroxide) ndi zolowa m'malo kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu yolimba.

1. Pa zinthu zomwe sizingathe kutsukidwa ndi utoto (monga nsapato kapena mabuku): zitsukeni bwino ndikuziika pamalo owunikira dzuwa.

2. Pa silicone sealant yokhala ndi nkhungu: gwiritsani ntchito gel yochotsera nkhungu; ngati nkhunguyo yakula kwambiri, pukutani sealant yakaleyo ndikugwiritsa ntchito wosanjikiza watsopano.

3. Yeretsani zipangizo zomwe zimatulutsa chinyezi nthawi zonse, monga ma AC ndi makina ochapira.

4. Ngati mukukonzanso: perekani patsogolo ukadaulo woteteza chinyezi ndi nkhungu. Sankhani zipangizo zosalowa madzi, onetsetsani kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino, komanso mabafa, makhitchini, masinki, ndi malo opumira mpweya osalowa madzi mokwanira.

Buku lothandizira:
[1]Park JH, Cox-Ganser J M. Kukhudzidwa ndi nkhungu komanso thanzi la kupuma m'malo onyowa m'nyumba
[2] Mfundo Zofunikira Zokhudza Nkhungu ndi Chinyezi
[3] Wiesner DL, Merkhofer RM, Ober C, ndi ena. Club cell TRPV4 imagwira ntchito ngati sensa yowononga yomwe imayendetsa kutupa kwa chifuwa m'mapapo.
[4] Jia LJ, Rafiq M, Radosa L, et al. Aspergillus fumigatus amabera p11 yamunthu kuti atsogolere ma phagosome okhala ndi mafangasi kunjira yosawononga.
[5] Bush RK, Portnoy JM, Saxon A, ndi ena. Zotsatira za matenda a nkhungu
[6] Zhang Li, Kang Mei, Chen Zhongju, ndi ena. Kusanthula kwa matenda a bowa m'dziko langa: kafukufuku wofufuza m'malo osiyanasiyana
[7] Shenassa ED, Daskalakis C, Liebhaber A, ndi ena. Chinyezi ndi bowa m'nyumba ndi kuvutika maganizo...
[8] Malangizo a WHO okhudza mpweya wabwino m'nyumba: chinyezi ndi nkhungu